This article provides an overview of ivermectin, a medication that has garnered significant public interest and media attention, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic.
When the COVID-19 pandemic emerged in 2020, scientists, researchers, and healthcare professionals were urgently searching for effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the severe mortality and long-term complications experienced worldwide.
Early in the pandemic, two oral medications came under investigation: hydroxychloroquine and, more recently, ivermectin.
Continue reading to understand more about ivermectin, including proper usage, its potential role in treating COVID-19, and any associated side effects.
What is Ivermectin?
It is important to distinguish between the two forms of ivermectin: one form is prescribed by physicians for specific human diseases, while the other is intended solely for veterinary use and is prescribed by veterinarians.
The information presented here pertains exclusively to the form of ivermectin designed for human use.
Ivermectin, marketed under the brand name Stromectol, is a medication used to treat infections caused by specific parasites, such as the roundworms Onchocerca volvulus and Strongyloides stercoralis.
As a member of the anthelmintic drug class, ivermectin is a prescription antiparasitic medication also available in a cost-effective generic form. The brand-name equivalent of ivermectin is Stromectol.
Why is Ivermectin Recommended for Human Use?
Ivermectin 6 mg works by paralyzing worms, causing damage to their muscles and nerves, and disrupting their digestive system. However, it is important to note that ivermectin does not kill all types of worms.
This medication paralyzes adult worms and kills their larvae, reducing the worms’ ability to reproduce and ultimately lowering the number of worms present in human blood, skin, and eyes.
What Other Conditions is Ivermectin Used For?
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved ivermectin for the treatment of tropical diseases, such as helminthiasis and onchocerciasis, both of which are caused by parasitic worms.
Ivermectin is also used for other conditions, including scabies, an itchy skin infection caused by mites, and head and pubic lice. Additionally, patients with type 2 rosacea, a condition linked to Demodex mites that causes red pimples or bumps on the face, have reported successful treatment with ivermectin.
Ivermectin is generally well-tolerated and is used to treat parasitic infections. However, it has not been proven safe or effective for the treatment or prevention of any viral infections, including COVID-19, in humans or animals. As a result, the FDA has not approved or authorized ivermectin for these uses.
How Should Ivermectin Be Taken?
Ivermectin tablets should be taken exactly as prescribed by your physician.
If you have any questions about the medication or its instructions, consult your pharmacist or healthcare provider. Follow the directions on your prescription label carefully, and do not take the medication more or less frequently than prescribed.
Ivermectin is available in a 3 mg tablet form, intended to be swallowed. The standard dosage is a single dose taken with a glass of water on an empty stomach.
In cases of infections such as onchocerciasis, multiple doses may be required for effective treatment. If your infection does not resolve, your doctor may recommend additional doses of ivermectin at intervals of 3, 6, or 12 months after the initial dose.
What Precautions Should Be Taken When Using Ivermectin?
Before starting treatment with ivermectin, provide your doctor with a complete list of all medications you are taking, including prescription, over-the-counter, herbal, and dietary supplements.
This step is crucial to avoid harmful drug interactions and side effects. If you are allergic to any of the active or inactive ingredients in ivermectin, inform your doctor.
What Are the Side Effects of Ivermectin?
Ivermectin side effects may include, but are not limited to, weakness, dizziness, drowsiness, chest discomfort, uncontrollable shaking, mental changes, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, stomach pain, loss of appetite, and bowel control issues. If these side effects are severe or persistent, contact your doctor.
When treating onchocerciasis, ivermectin side effects may include swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, and feet; joint pain and swelling; painful, swollen glands in the neck, armpits, or groin; eye pain; swelling of the eyelids or eyes; unusual sensations in the eyes; and a rapid heartbeat. If you experience any of these adverse effects, seek medical attention immediately.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. Can ivermectin be used to treat COVID-19?
Ivermectin has not been proven safe or effective for treating or preventing COVID-19 in humans, and the FDA has not approved it for this purpose.
2. What is the difference between ivermectin for humans and animals?
Ivermectin comes in two forms: one for human use prescribed by doctors, and another for animal use prescribed by veterinarians. The information here pertains only to the human form.
3. How should ivermectin be taken?
Ivermectin should be taken exactly as prescribed by your physician, typically as a single dose on an empty stomach with water.
4. What are the common side effects of ivermectin?
Common side effects include dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, and itching or skin rash. Severe side effects are rare but require immediate medical attention.
5. Is ivermectin safe for everyone?
Ivermectin may not be safe for everyone, especially those with certain allergies, liver issues, or who are taking specific medications. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting treatment.
